Flow diagram to represent bioencapsulation and oral delivery of CTB-IL-22. 1 – CTB-IL-22 pentamer formation within plant cell; 2 – lyophilized plant cells encapsulating CTB-IL-22 is orally delivered and remains stable in stomach acidic and proteolytic environment; 3 - plant cell wall lysis in gut in presence of gut microbes; 4 – CTB-IL-22 pentamer binds to GM1 receptor; 5 – endocytosis of GM1- CTB-IL-22 complex; 6 – retrograde transport of the complex to TGN; 7 – furin endoprotease activity separating CTB and IL-22. IL-22 is released from CTB; 8 – CTB is transported to ER lumen